In Nazi Germany, homosexuality was persecuted to a degree unprecedented in history. In 1935, the National Socialists issued an order making all male homosexuality a crime; the provisions governing homosexual behaviour in Section 175 of the Criminal Code were significantly expanded and made stricter. A kiss was enough reason to prosecute. There were more than 50,000 convictions. Under Section 175, the punishment was imprisonment; in some cases, convicted offenders were castrated. Thousands of men were sent to concentration camps for being gay; many of them died there. They died of hunger, disease and abuse or were the victims of targeted killings.
The National
Socialists destroyed the communities of gay men and women. Female homosexuality
was not prosecuted, except in annexed Austria; the National Socialists did not
find it as threatening as male homosexuality. However, lesbians who came into
conflict with the regime were also subject to repressive measures. Under the
Nazi regimes gay men and women lived in fear and under constant pressure to
hide their sexuality.
For many
years, the homosexual victims of National Socialism were not included in public
commemorations — neither in the Federal Republic of Germany nor in the German
Democratic Republic. In both East and West Germany, homosexuality continued to
be prosecuted for many years. In the Federal Republic, Section 175 remained in
force without amendment until 1969.
Because of
its history, Germany has a special responsibility to actively oppose the
violation of gay men’s and lesbians human rights. In many parts of the world,
people continue to be persecuted for their sexuality, homosexual love remains
illegal and a kiss can be dangerous.
With this
memorial, the Federal Republic of Germany intends to honour the victims of
persecution and murder, to keep alive the memory of this injustice, and to
create a lasting symbol of opposition to enmity intolerance and the exclusion
of gay men and lesbians.


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